PARIS - Two decades after London began moves to clamp down on sports utility vehicles, Parisians on Sunday will vote on whether to squeeze the gas-guzzlers out of town by tripling their parking fees.
The proposal by Paris's Socialist mayor Anne Hidalgo is the most radical by a big city in the fight against the big cars, blamed for driving up emissions, being a menace to pedestrians and generally taking up too much space.
The number of SUVs on the roads have shot up nearly sevenfold since 2010, to about 330 million worldwide.
They consume around 20 percent more fuel than a typical medium-sized car, the International Energy Agency said in a 2023 report, and emitted nearly one billion tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2) in 2022, around twice Brazil's total emissions.
- London leads the charge -
The backlash against SUVs and monster pickups dates back to the 2000s, when the suburban rich began migrating en masse from sedans to king-of-the-road behemoths previously used for rough terrain.
Dubbed "stock exchange tractors" in Norway or "suburban assault vehicles" in Britain the car-trucks became much-maligned status symbols.
A key breakthrough in the bid to regulate emissions in big cities came in 2003 when London's left-wing mayor Ken Livingstone introduced a congestion charge for vehicles entering the city centre.
A year later he took aim specifically at SUVs, criticising those who used them to drive children to school as "complete idiots" and saying the vehicles should be banned from the school run.
- Guerrilla tactics -
Inspired by London, Paris first floated a clampdown on the most polluting vehicles.
But the project was shelved in 2005 after fierce opposition from motoring associations.
In 2007, authorities in Dublin picked up the issue and proposed to double parking charges for SUVs. They were also forced to back down after public outcry.
Eco-vigilantes in countries including France and Sweden stepped into the fray with campaigns of mass SUV tyre deflations between 2005 and 2007.
In the past few years, they have grown more radical, with a British group called The Tyre Extinguishers drilling holes in the tyres of dozens of SUVs.
- Punitive parking, registration fees -
With the Earth's warming reaching critical levels and SUVs blamed for increasing pedestrian deaths in the United States, legislators are back on the anti-SUV warpath.
Last year, Washington DC ramped up its registration fees for extra-large SUVs, requiring owners of vehicles weighing over 2,700 kilogrammes to pay $500 (460 euros) annually, almost seven times the cost for a typical sedan.
New York is also mulling an increase in its weight-based registration fees.
In Germany, the crusading Green mayor of the southern city of Tuebingen, which aims to become climate neutral by 2030, increased parking rates for SUVs by 600 percent in 2022, declaring them unnecessary for city living.
But another Germany city, Freiburg, had to row back on a rise in parking fees for longer vehicles after it was thrown out by the Federal Administrative Court.
Meanwhile, London has been made into an "ultra-low emission zone", with cars that do not meet its emissions targets paying £12.50 ($16) a day to enter the capital.
Parking charges in London and in other councils, including Bath and North East Somerset, have also introduced emissions-based parking fees.
- by Emilie Bickerton